The below Fig. (i) shows CE transistor circuit while Fig.(ii) shows the output characteristcs along with the d.c. load line.…
In the transistor circuit analysis, it is generally required to determine the collector current for various collector-emitter voltages. One of…
The below Fig. shows the common emitter npn amplifier circuit. Note that a battery VBB is connected in the input circuit…
Named after its inventor, a Shockley diode is a PNPN device having two terminals as shown in Fig. (i). This device…
An optoisolator (also called optocoupler) is a device that uses light to couple a signal from its input (a photoemitter…
There are a large number of applications of photo- diodes. However, we shall give two applications of photo-diodes by way…
There are two important characteristics of photo- diode. (i) Reverse current-Illumination curve. The below Fig shows the graph between reverse…
LEDs are often grouped to form seven-segment display. The below Fig. shows the front of a seven segment display. It…
A LED that emits one colour when forward biased and another colour when reverse biased is called a multicolour LED.…
1. Explain what is a pn junction? The contact surface between the layers of p-type and n-type semiconductor pieces plated…